COMPLEMENTARY CANCER THERAPIES FOR

LUNG, BREAST, PROSTATE, UTERINE AND OTHER CANCERS.

Welcome. Vitamins, when added to regular cancer therapies,

can extend lives and decrease pain for most types of cancer.

What	Cancer	Interests	You?
Stomach	Colon	Pancreas	Liver
Lung	Skin	Melanoma	Breast
Ovary	Prostate	Bladder	Kidney
Liver	Uterine	Lymphoma	Mouth
Leukemia	Rare	Unknown	Advanced

Please select:  My web site

or my book “Vitamins Can Kill Cancer”  

Thanks for stopping in.

Reagan Houston, MS, PE, 4/15/2008

E-mail: h@cancertherapies.org

My book: Vitamins Can Kill Cancer, Infinity Publishing  $14.95.

Or my web site:

Vitamins, Cancer and Hope Hoffer’s Multivitamins, What Types of Cancer? Cameron’s Vitamin C Regimen,  How Vitamins Work,  If no Radiation and Chemo,

Cancer & Vitamin C Therapy for Patients
Why vitamin C kills most advanced cancer cells, even rare types.

Other Cancer Therapies
Coenzyme Q10, Flaxseed, Essiac Tea, Melatonin, Megadose Vitamin C

Prostate Cancer Therapies
Just Diagnosed, Therapies, Description of Therapies, Side Effects, Hormones, Selecting a Therapy, If Cancer Returns, Author’s Regimen.

Two Anticancer Mechanisms for Cancer in Humans-A Review
Background, Vitamin C, Multiple Vitamins, Discussion, Safety, Vitamins with Radiation and Chemotherapy.

Appendix

Details on 134 Patients


Introduction

            In 1969 The National Cancer Institute found that vitamin C killed cancer cells without harming normal cells. Dr. Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D., has developed this laboratory test into a clinically tested procedure for using vitamin C and other standard supplements to help patients with many types of cancer live longer and with less pain.

            The mainline therapies for cancer: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormones, work quite well and we should continue them. However, they weaken the body. Many clinical tests show that strengthening the body can greatly improve the results of using these mainline therapies.  Vitamins and supplements have helped many types of advanced cancer patients live even 10 times as long as those patients not strengthening their bodies.

         Linus Pauling¹ estimated that for every 8 patients who die of cancer, 7 could be saved by enough vitamins if started early. Irwin Stone² said that “the cancer problem has been solved, and all that is needed now is the routine large-scale tests to verify this conclusion.”  These tests have been run.

            The author is a chemical engineer, not a physician. He was diagnosed with early but aggressive prostate cancer.  After an initial PSA of 8.1 and a Gleason of 6, he used vitamins and triple hormones for about 1 year and then Proscar plus vitamins for the next 10 years.  His cancer is nicely in remission with an average of PSA of 0.6. His latest PSA is 0.3  Normal PSA is 0 to 4.0.  He has never had chemotherapy, radiation or surgery. This is written in love to help others who have cancer. He has no financial interest in any product or service mentioned here except book sales. This memo may be distributed for noncommercial use, in part or in full, in whatever manner the reader wishes without further permission. Please advise author of such use. Reagan Houston, 600 Carolina Village Rd #165, Hendersonville, NC  28792, phone and fax 828-692-3722.  Send comments to h@CancerTherapies.org. 

                        This web site is provided for information only and not as medical advice or instruction. No action should be taken based solely on this web site; instead, readers who fail to consult appropriate health authorities assume the risk of all injuries or harm. 

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Vitamins Cancer and Hope

 Chemotherapy and radiation are good, standard cancer therapies but even with these, one-third of cancer patients die in five years.³ Can we improve these therapies?  Dr. Abram Hoffer,¹ a physician who had earned his Ph.D. in vitamins and is the author of Vitamin C and Cancer, chose diet and vitamins to help patients live longer and to combat the weakening caused by regular therapies.  One of Hoffer’s early patients with pancreatic cancer had failed surgery because the tumor at the head of her pancreas was inoperable.  However a bypass was installed.  Her doctor offered no hope.  He said she would be dead in three months.  But she had hope.  She knew that Norman Cousins (Anatomy of an Illness) had recovered after his doctors had given up.  Cousins had used 15,000 mg/day of vitamin C.  Hoffer gave her vitamin C at 35,000 mg/day plus other supplements.  Seven months later a CT scan showed no sign of cancer.  Five years later, she decreased her daily dose of vitamin C.  Twenty years after her terrible prognosis, she died at age 79.  Even pancreatic cancer has been controlled!  The American Cancer Society³ reports that 96% of pancreatic cancer patients die within five years.

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Hoffer's Multivitamins.  Beginning in 1978, Hoffer^4,5 started a 15-year test on 134 advanced cancer patients.  His approach was to counter the weakening caused by cancer, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy by strengthening the body and the immune system.  He offered vitamins, Table 1, and diet (low meat, low sugar, high fruits and vegetables).  In his test group with patients having many types of advanced cancers, those who refused vitamins lived a median of 2.6   months.  Those who accepted vitamins lived 45 months or 17 times longer.

Table 1. Dr. Hoffer’s Average Regimen⁵

Beta carotene, IU	10,00 to 75,000
Vitamin B complex	B-50 to B-100
Vitamin B-3, niacin, mg	1,500 to 3,000
Vitamin B-6, pyridoxine, mg	250
Vitamin C, mg	12,000
........range	3,000 to 40,000
Vitamin D3.
Vitamin E, IU	800 to 1,600
Selenium, mcg	200 to 600
Zinc, mg	50 to 220

Use surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in moderation. Then add pills each day in divided doses with meals.

The vitamin C can be the regular ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate or a mixture.  Calcium and magnesium were occasionally included.

            Hoffer⁶ has improved his average regimen by adding vitamin D3 at 4,000 to 6,000 IU, Coenzyme Q10 at 300 mg and a combination of curcumin 3,000 mg with bioperin 15 mg.  As a major change, he recommends that patients receive 100,000 mg of sodium ascorbate by IV daily.  He says, “In many cases this kind of very safe chemotherapy... I think would bring most cancers under control pretty quickly.”

            To all of his cancer patients, Hoffer offered the vitamin regimen, diet and hope based on the results with earlier patients.  Those who accepted vitamins thus had the advantages of vitamins, diet and hope compared to those who rejected vitamins.  Self-selection is typical of real life.  But because patients who chose vitamins demonstrated hope, self-selection is not ideal for statistical purposes.  Hope helps healing.

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What Types Of Cancer?     Hoffer has treated over thirty types of cancers with impressive results, Table 2.  Most of his patients had advanced cancers that could not be helped by additional surgery, radiation or chemotherapy.  For example, all 32 of the breast cancer patients had surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy.  The median life of these very sick patients who chose to take vitamins was 70 months while those without vitamins had a median life of only 3.7 months.

Table 2. Median Survival of Hoffer's Patients
with Various Types of Cancer, Months

Type of	With	Without
Cancer	Vitamins	Vitamins
Breast	70	3.7
Uterus	99	4.0
Ovary	16	3.6
Lung	17	2.0
Pancreas	40	2.4
All types	45	2.6

            Hoffer's vitamin therapy “has given [his patients] more energy, has improved depression and anxiety, has created a sense of well being, has eased pain and has often eliminated pain entirely.”¹

            As reported by Hoffer, Pauling said “The cancer death rate could be reduced by 25% of its present value...if a reasonable multivitamin regimen were to be followed regularly by every person.”

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Cameron's Vitamin C Regimen

Dr. Ewan Cameron, MB, ChB,⁷ Senior Consultant Surgeon in Scotland, described his first very advanced cancer patients in 1971.  "They responded dramatically indeed, being converted from a hopeless, terminal 'dying' situation into a hopeful 'recovering' situation."  After 8 years and 500 terminal patients with many types of cancer, Cameron concluded that vitamin C is not a miraculous cure but a major step forward.

            Instead of a handful of common vitamins, he started his patients on vitamin C only.  He administered vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate and mostly 10,000 mg/day either orally or intravenously, IV, for two weeks followed by oral vitamin C continuously.  His vitamin-taking patients lived four times longer than similar patients at the same hospital who were not given vitamins.  Cameron joined with Dr. Linus Pauling, Ph.D. a double Nobel Laureate, to publish the results in Cancer and Vitamin C in 1993.

            Vitamin C comes in several forms.  Ascorbic acid is the common pill, sodium ascorbate is nearly tasteless in solution and calcium ascorbate is preferred by some doctors.  Cameron and a few doctors report "ascorbic acid" when they mean sodium ascorbate.  Ascorbic acid is too acid for intravenous injection.

            Many other doctors have also used vitamin C as cancer therapy and published their results.  Irwin Stone, D.Sc.,⁸ author of The Healing Factor: Vitamin C against Disease; Robert Cathcart, MD⁹ a physician in Los Altos, California; Fukumi Morishige, MD¹⁰ in Fukuoka, Japan and Hugh Riordan, MD¹¹ in Wichita, Kansas, successfully used vitamin C in the form of intravenous sodium ascorbate.  Hoffer was able to successfully use oral vitamin C by including vitamin E and other vitamins. 

Other Regimens

            Drs. Edward Creagan,¹² and Charles Moertel,¹³, physicians at Mayo Clinic, used ascorbic acid at 10,000 mg/day without success.  Creagan's randomized test used patients whose immune system had been decimated by prior chemotherapy.  Moertel administered vitamin C for an average of only 2.5 months although the test lasted over 14 months.  Also, they did not administer IV sodium ascorbate or other vitamins.  Dr. Mary L. Lesperance¹⁴ followed most of Hoffer’s Average Regimen but omitted vitamin E and E succinate.  She also chose control patients who were less sick than the test patients.  Her test patients did not live longer than the controls.  Importantly, none of these three trials used Cameron’s or Hoffer’s regimens.  The regimens of Creagan, Moertel and Lesperance showed that some regimens do not work.  They do not show that all regimens for vitamin C do not work.

Vitamin C Is Safe

 Many people have taken 30,000 mg/day for years.  Several doctors¹¹ have given 200,000 mg/day by IV.  Some claim that vitamin C “might” cause kidney stones although doctors who give large doses of vitamin C rarely if ever see stones in these patients.  Ascorbic acid can make the urine acidic to dissolve possible stones.

            Excessive vitamin C can cause diarrhea.  People with cancer can frequently take 30,000 mg/day while well people have a typical limit of 3,000 to 10,000 mg/day.  If people on therapeutic doses of vitamin C develop diarrhea, the dose should be reduced.  Actually, diarrhea is a useful blessing because it provides a simple measure of the proper dosage for each individual.  Hoffer’s patients took from 3,000 to 40,000 mg/day.  This illustrates the wide range of dosages for individual cancer control.  Humans cannot make the vitamin C they need although most animals can.  A 160-pound goat can make 13,000 mg/day- -a reasonable dose for people with cancer.  Hoffer advised his patients to continue the high doses indefinitely.  Table 3 includes some of the precautions, side effects and alternatives listed by Riordan. However, Cameron and Hoffer did not report that they followed the precautions in step 5.

Table 3. Precautions with High-Dose Vitamin C

1. Build up the dose slowly by about 1,000 or 2,000 mg/day to minimize diarrhea and other problems.

2. If necessary, decrease the dose slowly to allow the body to adjust.

3. Vitamin C -- especially ascorbic acid -- may cause gas, upset stomach or skin itch. If this problem occurs, consider using sodium ascorbate or calcium ascorbate.

4. Excess sodium intake from sodium ascorbate is possible.  Consider using calcium ascorbate or ascorbic acid.

5. Some people have a rare immune deficiency called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.  These people may not be able to take large doses of vitamin C without getting acute anemia.

6. For their own safety people should work with a doctor knowledgeable about vitamins.  All people may not be able to use high doses of vitamin C.

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How Vitamins Work

 When vitamin C of any type acts as an antioxidant and neutralizes free radicals, it produces dehydroascorbate, DHA, an oxidant.  Normal cells need and take in DHA.  The DHA is then converted to ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, by an oxidation/reduction process.  Normal cells safely neutralize the dehydroascorbate by a reaction with catalase. 

            DHA may be the key to vitamin therapy.  Dr. Benade¹⁵ et al at the National Cancer Institute found that in cultures vitamin C selectively destroyed cancer cells by generating excess intracellular H₂O₂. Cancer cells are less able than normal cells to neutralize H2O2 because they are deficient in an enzyme called catalase.  Dr. Agus¹⁶ et al reported that cancer cells have extra glucose channels that rapidly bring in glucose and excess DHA.  Cancer cells are defective in that they cannot fully distinguish between glucose and DHA.  This may explain why vitamin C is safe in large doses for normal cells but toxic to cancer cells.   The good results of Cameron and Hoffer with humans confirm the National Cancer Institute lab tests.

            Boik¹⁷ presents another view of how vitamins might kill cancer.  He lists seven traits that distinguish cancer, Table 4.  He describes how various vitamins combat each of these traits.  He does not give any test results.

            Hoffer’s vitamins fight each of the traits with at least four vitamins and minerals.  Vitamin C combats 6 of the 7 traits.  Cancer mutates as it tries to survive but vitamins can continue to combat each trait.  Based on the long-term experiences of Hoffer and Cameron, cancer mutation may not be a problem with vitamin C.  Boik’s vitamins appear to be better suited to early or less aggressive cancers.  Hoffer and Cameron had very advanced cancer patients.


              Table 4.  Seven Traits of Cancer and Therapeutic Vitamins

1.  Defective DNA or bad genes,
            Vitamins A, C, D, E and selenium

2.  Abnormal growth factors within the cells,
            Vitamins A, C, D, E calcium and selenium

3.  Abnormal growth factors outside the cells,
            Vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E and selenium

4.  Excess growth despite surrounding cells and tissue,
            Vitamins A, C, D, E and selenium

5.  Abnormal blood-vessel growth, angiogenesis,
            Vitamins A, C, D, E and selenium

6.  Spread of cancer to new locations and
            Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E and selenium

7.  Ability to hide from the immune system.
            Vitamins A, E, zinc and selenium.


            Hoffer’s regime included multiple vitamins.  He recommended¹⁸ vitamin C as ascorbic acid pills, as ascorbic acid powder or as sodium ascorbate powder.  The latter two were often combined into water or fruit juice to give a tasty drink.  Cameron's patients took vitamin C as sodium ascorbate solution, Table 5.  Intravenous sodium ascorbate can be made as Cathcart¹⁹ indicated.  

Table 5.  Sodium Ascorbate Solution

Ascorbic acid	167 gm
Sodium bicarbonate	80 gm
(baking soda)
Water and juice to	1,000 ml

            Fifteen ml taken four times a day preferably with meals provides 10,000 mg/day of ascorbate.  The refrigerated solution has a shelf life of about one month.  The water solution has almost no taste.  Add water first and then juice to minimize foaming.

            Hoffer prefers that most or all of the vitamin E be in the form of d-alpha tocopherol succinate.  This is commonly called vitamin E succinate or dry vitamin E and is available in health food stores.  The vitamin E succinate may be significant since it limits cancer growth by regulating several genes.  Vitamin E and E succinate have shown only minor cancer killing power by themselves but may be of great help with vitamin C.     

            Hickey and Roberts²⁰ in their excellent book Ascorbate, The Science of Vitamin C, 2004, carefully explain the basic science and delve deeply into the controversy of vitamin requirements and therapy results.  They list 6 references that attempt to explain the mechanism by which vitamin C controls cancer.  The important point is that vitamin C does combat cancer with excellent success.

            High-dose vitamin C appears to act as an antioxidant in most of the body but as a cancer-killing oxidant within cancer cells.

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Vitamin Acceptance

            In 1973 Cameron reported on an experimental but successful clinical test of vitamin C for 50 cancer patients.  However, the medical community requires that new cancer therapies pass large, randomized and preferably double blind tests.  Is this reasonable?  Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy were each accepted in desperation without randomized tests against each other.  Neither radiation nor chemotherapy can be given randomized, double blind tests versus each other because of the obvious and debilitating side effects.  These therapies were accepted in comparison with historic experience.  To require vitamins to pass tests that radiation and chemotherapies have not and cannot pass raises questionable logic. Based on common sense, the randomized and double blind tests should be required only on poisonous or hazardous therapies.       

Hickey²⁰ gives a thorough review of how to evaluate a proposed therapy.  A few simple questions are sufficient:

            1.  Has it helped others?

            2.  Might it help me?

            3.  Is it safe?

            4.  Does it assist other, common therapies?

            Vitamins rate ‘yes’ on all questions.   The new question becomes, "Doctor, why are you not giving me high-dose vitamin C?"

            There are reasons that oncologists don't administer high-dose vitamin C, but are they good reasons?  Many doctors object to people taking antioxidants simultaneously with radiation or chemotherapy because they believe that the vitamin C, acting as an antioxidant, “might” protect the cancer cells.  However Davis W. Lamson,²¹ M.S., N.D., summarized thirty-six clinical tests where antioxidants were used with radiation or chemotherapy.  The antioxidants were helpful in thirty-one cases, neutral or possibly helpful in five and adverse in none.  Judith O. Stoute²² reviewed 44 articles regarding the use of vitamin C with chemotherapy.  She found 36 positive studies or reviews, one neutral study, 2 negative reviews and 4 responses to the negative reviews.  Because vitamin C, radiation and some chemotherapies appear to kill cancer by a similar mechanism, vitamin C can generally be used with radiation and chemotherapy.

            Oncologists are trained in the use of mainline therapies.  They are frequently not allowed by peer pressure or state medical boards to recommend “unapproved” therapies such as vitamin C.  They are probably not allowed to recommend doctors or patients who know about vitamins as therapy.  Most doctors knowledgeable about vitamins are not allowed to treat cancer but they can strengthen people with cancer.  This distinction is important and most useful. 

            Patients need oncologists and their extensive knowledge.  However those who want to use vitamins to augment regular therapies probably must work with a second doctor knowledgeable about vitamins as a team member with the oncologist.  Doctors who can assist cancer patients with nutrition and vitamins may be located at The American College for Advancement of Medicine (www.acam.org).  Also the phone book may list integrative or alternative doctors.  One can enquire of dietitians, home care nurses, compounding pharmacists, chiropractors, naturopathic physicians and support group members to locate medical professionals who know vitamins.

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Tests on Vitamins

            Large, randomized tests are useful for poisonous therapies that are expected to show small improvements.  These tests are sufficiently expensive that the drug companies will probably never support low-profit vitamins.  The U.S. government, in close contact with the drug companies, has not repeated either Cameron's or Hoffer's therapy.  Creagan's and Moertel's two tests with different procedures and results did not show that vitamin C to be harmful.  Their claim (that vitamin C does not help cancer patients) applies only to their regimens.

            Cameron's clinical trial (even with retrospectively matched controls) is convincing because the vitamin-taking patients lived four times as long as those without vitamin C.  Hoffer's multivitamin detailed results are also convincing.  Many doctors have used high-dose vitamins for cancer therapy: 1,300 by Hoffer and 1,000 by Cameron.  They believe that vitamins for cancer therapy are sufficiently tested that they can now be used with proper medical supervision. 

            As Hickey points out, the benefits of ascorbate therapy clearly outweigh the risks.

Patient Options

 Patients in a terminal or hospice situation might well consider ascorbate vitamins.  For them, the oncologist realizes that surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have helped as much as they can and doctors knowledgeable about vitamins are available.  Terminal patients are frequently willing to try experimental therapies. 

            Terminal patients often enter experimental clinical trials.  In these tests half of the patients often get a placebo and thus are not helped.  Vitamins are safer and offer more hope to terminal patients- -hope based on clinical trials of over a thousand people.

            Patients with an initial cancer diagnosis might also consider Cameron's or Hoffer's vitamin therapy.  This situation is less tested but general experience says that early treatments often work better than the same treatment given later.

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Vitamins without Radiation and Chemotherapy

 Can vitamins lengthen the lives of patients who do not receive radiation or chemotherapy?  Surgery for operable cancer is usually advisable to remove all or almost all of the cancer.  The body than has less cancer to fight.  Radiation aims to kill cancer locally while chemotherapy works throughout the body.  Both therapies are poisons that kill healthy cells.  An unfortunate disadvantage for most urologists is that they have only surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and occasionally hormones as tools to fight cancer.  When these cease to control the cancer, the oncologist can only give up or continue radiation and chemotherapy hoping to give slight hope to the patient.  This is often false hope.¹³  If given beyond the therapeutic dosage; radiation and chemotherapy may even shorten the life of the patient while decreasing his quality of life.  However, radiation is often helpful for pain control. 

            All of Cameron's early 100 patients had had surgery and radiation as appropriate.  Chemotherapy was generally not offered in Scotland at the time.  The use of vitamin C without surgery or radiation was thus untested.  Almost all of Hoffer's early patients had prior surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy as prescribed by their oncologists.  Some patients continued these therapies.  Of Hoffer’s initial test group of 134 patients, Table 6 describes the results of patients who avoided radiation and chemotherapy although many had surgery.

Table 6.  Median Life of Patients Who Avoided Radiation and Chemotherapy

Therapy	With	Without
.	Vitamins	Vitamins
No surgery	16	1.6
With surgery	68	8
No. of patients	43	13

             These results are from a very small group and may not be typical.  Vitamins appear to be better than nothing but this is only indicated.

            The government's recommended amount of vitamins is based on healthy people.  Sick patients need extra vitamins.  Hoffer's success is at least partly due to a good diet and extra vitamins.  Some patients, at their own risk, may quietly add vitamins to regular therapies without the knowledge of their oncologist.  Keeping everyone fully involved is safer.

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Discussion
Regular cancer therapies are only moderately successful.  Cameron’s vitamin C therapy and Hoffer’s multivitamin cancer therapies are reasonably well tested even if not given a randomized test.  Vitamin C is very safe and its side effects are apparently temporary.  A therapy based on work at the National Cancer Institute may explain why vitamin C, an antioxidant, can act as an oxidant within cancer cells.  This mechanism applies to all types of cancer that take in excess glucose.  This may explain why Hoffer obtained good results with 30 types of cancer. 

            The therapies of Cameron and Hoffer have not been given randomized tests and probably won’t- -for lack of money.  Most oncologists do not study vitamins as cancer therapy and are not trained or allowed to prescribe vitamins as cancer therapy.  Doctors knowledgeable about vitamins but not certified as oncologists can prescribe vitamins to strengthen cancer patients but not as cancer therapy.  Thus two types of doctors may be needed for a patient’s care and safety.   Vitamin therapies may be given to terminal cancer patients under proper medical supervision.

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Conclusion

            Although Cameron’s and Hoffer’s vitamin therapies are demonstrated effective, many consider them to be experimental.  Radiation and chemotherapies were accepted by comparison with existing therapies.  Vitamin therapies, being very safe, can also be accepted by comparison with historic results.  Patients choosing vitamin therapy should work with both an oncologist and a doctor knowledgeable about vitamins for their own safety and for best results.

            The author was a research chemical engineer and leader of a prostate cancer support group.  When his prostate cancer was diagnosed ten years ago, his PSA, a measure of the cancer, was eight and doubling every six months -- a sign of aggressive cancer.  A PSA of four or less is normal.  He chose intermittent triple hormone therapy (Lupron, Eulexin and Proscar) and Hoffer type vitamins, both highly experimental in 1997.  After one year, he stopped the Lupron and Eulexin but continued the Proscar and vitamins.  His PSA has averaged 0.6 for the last 10 years and is now 0.3.  He has never had nor needed surgery, chemotherapy or radiation of any kind.

            Thanks are due Dr. Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D. for his advice and suggestions, to Townsend Letters for Doctors and Patients for publishing much of my work with some of it republished here, to Pardee Hospital for allowing me to facilitate the Prostate Cancer Support Group and select complementary therapy speakers, to librarian Chris Kersten for innumerable magazine reprints and to God for help and motivation.

References for Vitamins, Cancer and Hope

1.  Hoffer A. Vitamin C and cancer, discovery, recovery, controversy. 2000, Kingston, Ontario: Quarry Press.
2. Stone I. Scurvy and the cancer problem. American Laboratory. September 1976: 21-30.
3.  Cancer facts and figures 2005. American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
4.  Hoffer A and Pauling L. Hardin Jones biostatistical analysis of mortality data for cohorts of cancer patients with a large fraction surviving at the termination of the study and a comparison of survival times of cancer patients receiving large regular doses of vitamin C and other nutrients with similar patients not receiving those doses. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1990;5:143-154.
5.  Hoffer A and Pauling L. Hardin Jones biostatistical analysis of mortality data for a second set of cohorts of cancer patients with a large fraction surviving at the termination of the study and a comparison of survival times of cancer patients not receiving these doses. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1993;8:1547-167.
6.  Letter, A. Hoffer to R. Houston, January 18, 2005.
7.  Cameron E and Pauling L. Cancer and Vitamin C. 1993, Philadelphia, PA: Camino Books.
8.  Stone I, The healing factor -- vitamin C against disease. 1972, New York, NY: Grosset and Dunlap.
9.  Cathcart RF. Vitamin C, titrating to bowel tolerance, anascorbia, and acute induced scurvy. Medical Hypotheses. 1981;7:1359-1376.
10.  Morishige F & Murata A. Prolongation of survival in terminal human cancer by administration of supplemental ascorbate. Journal of International Academy of Preventative Medicine. 1979;5:47-52.
11.  Riordan NH, Riordan HD, Meng X, Li Y and Jackson JA. Intravenous ascorbate as a tumor cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. Medical Hypotheses.
1995;44:207-213.
12.  Creagan ET, Moertel CG, O'Fallon JR et al. Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer. New England J of Medicine. 1979;301:687-690.
13.  Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Creagan ET, Rubin J, O’Connell MJ and Ames MM.  High-dose vitamin C versus placebo in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer who have had no prior chemotherapy. New England J of Medicine. 1985;312:137-41. 
14.  Lesperance ML, Olivotto IA, Forde N et al. Mega-dose vitamins and minerals in the treatment of non-metastatic breast cancer: an historical cohort study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2002;76:137-143.
15.  Benade L, Howard T and Burke D. Synergistic killings of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by ascorbate and 3 amino-1, 2, 4-triazole. Oncology. 1969;23:33-43.
16.  Agus DB, Vera JC and Golde DW. Stromal cell oxidation: a mechanism by which tumors obtain vitamin C. Cancer Research. 1999;59:4555-4558.
17.  Boik J. Natural compounds in cancer therapy. 2001, Princeton, Mn: Oregon Medical Press.
18.  Hoffer A. Clinical procedures in treating terminally ill cancer patients with vitamin C. downloaded July 1, 2005, http://orthomed.org/links/papers/hofcanc.htm.
19.  Cathcart RF. Preparation of Sodium Ascorbate for IV and IM Use (For M.D.'s only).  Downloaded July 1, 2005, http://www.doctoryourself.com/vitciv.html.
20.  Hickey S & Roberts